Wetlands in West Bengal are vital ecosystems that support biodiversity, livelihoods, and environmental stability. However, increasing pollution has become one of the most serious threats to their survival. From urban expansion to industrial discharge, wetlands across the state are facing rapid degradation.
Why Wetland Pollution Matters
Wetlands act as natural filters, cleaning water by trapping sediments and breaking down pollutants. When polluted, they lose this ability, affecting water quality, public health, and ecosystem balance. Pollution also reduces fish production, destroys habitats, and impacts communities dependent on these resources.
Major Sources of Pollution
Key Affected Wetlands
The East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site, plays a crucial role in treating city sewage naturally. Despite its importance, it faces pressure from pollution and encroachment. Similarly, wetlands in peri-urban and rural areas are increasingly being polluted due to unregulated human activities.
Impacts of Pollution
Legal Protection
Wetland pollution is regulated under the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. These laws prohibit dumping of waste and untreated discharge into wetlands. However, enforcement remains a challenge.
What Can Be Done
Role of People
Local communities play a key role in wetland conservation. Reporting pollution, reducing plastic use, and participating in awareness programs can make a significant difference.