Numbers
2840
Total Area (In Hector)
37301
Land Usage
Ecological Information
Important Species
Royal Bengal Tiger (apex predator),
Estuarine Crocodile,
Gangetic Dolphin,
Fish, crabs, prawns (nursery grounds),
Mangrove flora (e.g., Sundari trees)
Ecosystem Services
Provisioning: Fisheries, honey, timber,
Regulating: Cyclone protection, coastal erosion control, water purification,
Supporting: Nursery for marine and estuarine species,
Climate role: Major carbon sink (mangroves)
Seasonal Hydrology
Tidal influence: Daily ebb–flow cycles dominate hydrology,
Monsoon: Freshwater inflow reduces salinity, flooding common,
Dry season: High salinity due to seawater intrusion,
Complex network of rivers, creeks, and estuaries
Socio Economic Importance
Supports millions of people through fishing, crab collection, honey gathering,
Basis of brackish water aquaculture (shrimp farming),
Provides protection to coastal communities from cyclones,
Essential for agriculture in northern parts
Wetland Converted
Conversion into:
Shrimp aquaculture ponds,
Agriculture and settlements
Name of Wetlands
Information
Hooghly River floodplain
The Hooghly River forms the western boundary of South 24 Parganas and is a major distributary of the Ganges. It plays a crucial role in navigation, fisheries, and estuarine ecology. The river supports diverse aquatic life and acts as a transition zone between freshwater and marine systems. It is vital for local livelihoods, especially fishing and transport. Seasonal variations in flow and tidal influence shape its hydrology. However, pollution, sedimentation, and industrial discharge pose serious threats to its ecological health, necessitating effective management and conservation measures.
Matla River floodplain
The Matla River is a major tidal river flowing through the Sundarbans region of South 24 Parganas. It is characterized by strong tidal currents and high salinity variations, especially during the dry season. The river supports mangrove ecosystems and acts as a crucial habitat for fish, crabs, and estuarine species. It plays an important role in nutrient transport and sediment deposition in the delta. The Matla is also essential for local livelihoods, particularly fishing and transportation. However, it is highly vulnerable to cyclones, erosion, and climate-induced changes in sea level.
Bidyadhari River floodplain
The Bidyadhari River is an important tidal river in South 24 Parganas, historically significant for navigation and drainage. It flows through the eastern parts of the district and connects with the Sundarbans estuarine network. The river supports fisheries and provides water for surrounding communities. It also plays a role in regulating salinity and sediment transport. Over time, siltation and reduced freshwater inflow have affected its flow and ecological condition. Despite these challenges, the Bidyadhari remains an important component of the deltaic hydrological system and local livelihood support.
Sajnekhali Wetland
sajnekhali Wetland is an important water body located within the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve in South 24 Parganas. It is part of a protected area known for its rich biodiversity, including birds, reptiles, and aquatic species. The wetland supports mangrove vegetation and serves as a crucial habitat for wildlife such as crocodiles and migratory birds. It plays a key role in maintaining ecological balance, nutrient cycling, and water regulation in the delta. The area is also a popular eco-tourism destination. Conservation efforts are essential to protect its fragile ecosystem from human and climatic pressures.